Hydrogen

Introduction

Hi! My name is Zheng Kang, aged 10, and I am the creator of this blog. My biodata : tinyurl.com/zkbiodata   

If you are interested in Chemistry, you are welcome to see this blog. If you are not, you can learn things from the blog and soon you will be interested in Chemistry

First, do you know about the periodic table of elements? If you do, you may skip this video. If not, please watch it as I will be using some terms from the video.

Url link to the video: Introduction to The Periodic Table

There are 5 things that are not included in the video and those are Isotopes, Isomers, Density, % in Universe, % in Earth's Crust, % in Humans, % in Ocean and % in Sun.

Okay, so Density is the amount of anything per unit volume.

Isotopes are each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei(proton + neutron), and hence differ in relative atomic mass but not in chemical properties; in particular, a radioactive form of an element.

Stable Isotopes meaning those Isotopes which are not radioactive.

Unstable Isotopes meaning those Isotopes which are radioactive.

Half Life is the time taken for the radioactivity of a specified isotope to fall to half its original value. It keeps gong on until eventually the element turns into energy

Allotropes are each of two or more different physical forms in which an element can exist.

So today we will be talking about the first element on the periodic table, Hydrogen. 

% in Universe, % in Earth's Crust, % in Humans, % in Ocean, % in Sun and % in Meteorites is the amount of that element in Percentage in each of the following respectively: Universe, Earth's Crust, Humans, the Oceans, the Sun and Meteorites

Hydrogen

Statistics of Hydrogen: 

Hydrogen is a Chemical Element with an 
Atomic Number: 1 
Atomic Mass: 1.00794 Atomic Mass Units. 
Atomic Symbol :H
Melting Point: -259.14°C
Boiling Point:-252.87 °C
Valence Electrons:1
Phase of Hydrogen at room temperature: Gas
Element Classification: Non-Metal
Density:0.00008988 grams per cubic centimeter
Group Name:Nil (Placed in the alkali metals group but is not considered one)
Group Number:1
Period Number:1
Isotopes: Protium (¹₁H.)(Half Life:12.32 years) Deuterium (²₁H or ²₁D) & Tritium  (³₁H or ³₁T)
Allotropes: Dihydrogen
% in Universe: 75%
% in Earth's Crust: 0.15%
% in Humans: 10%
% in Ocean: 11%
% in Sun: 75%
% in Meteorites:2.4% 
Hydrogen was discovered on 1766 by Henry Cavendish,Henry Canvedish (10 October 1731 – 24 February 1810) was a British natural philosopher, scientist, and an important experimental and theoretical chemist and physicist.
The name Hydrogen was derived from the Greek 'hydro' and 'genes' meaning water forming.

The position of Hydrogen in the periodic table is shown the link below. Hydrogen place on Periodic Table

Importance of Hydrogen

People may ask, What's the importance of Hydrogen in daily life.

I would answer, Hydrogen is one main element found in the sun. Hydrogen also plays a big part in water along with Oxygen, which makes the symbol H2O and is important for humans.

Bad effects of Hydrogen

Hydrogen Peroxide, H2O2, is a solution made up of hydrogen and oxygen. It is a strong oxidizer and can be used as a cleaning agent and to prevent infections. When used topically, this antiseptic foams due to the enzyme catalase. As the catalase comes in contact with the skin it turns the hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen gas.

Experiment:

Want to see a video on Hydrogen experiments? Click the url link and see some cool experiments. Hydrogen Experiment

Wasn't that awesome? The fire, reacts differently with pure Oxygen as Oxygen has 6 valence electrons and is not as reactive as Hydrogen. Hydrogen however, has 1 valence electron and is very reactive and hence explodes upon contact with fire. If the bubbles were of pure Hydrogen, they might have blasted the woman's hand off!

How Hydrogen is used and The History of Hydrogen:

How can we use Hydrogen effectively?  Hydrogen is important in creating ammonia (NH3) for use in making fertilizer. 

What are some famous cases about Hydrogen? In the 1930s, Germany built a number of large lighter-than-air airships they called zeppelins. They are also called dirigibles and have a metal frame. The blimps we see in the sky today do not have a rigid structure that holds the airbag in shape.  The Germans used the zeppelins to transport people and cargo across Europe. Their largest luxury zeppelin, the Hindenburg, had crossed the Atlantic Ocean 17 times, when in 1937 it landed in Manchester, New Jersey in front of a large crowd of onlookers and news reporters. Suddenly, an electrical spark ignited the hydrogen inside the zeppelin, causing it to burst into flames. Many of the passengers were killed.

Interesting Facts About Hydrogen

1. About 10% of the weight of living organisms is hydrogen -- mainly in water, proteins ad fats

2. Liquid hydrogen has the lowest density of any liquid.

3. Solid, crystalline hydrogen has the lowest density of any crystalline solid.

4. Hydrogen is the only element that can exist without neutrons. Hydrogen’s most abundant isotope has no neutrons.

5. Antihydrogen is the only antimatter element made so far, with atoms of antihydrogen synthesized at CERN lasting for as long as 1000 seconds (almost 17 minutes). Each atom of antihydrogen contains a positron (positively charged version of the electron) orbiting an antiproton (negatively charged version of the proton).

6. Hydrogen is believed to be one of three elements produced in the Big Bang; the others are helium and lithium.

7. We owe most of the energy on our planet to hydrogen. The Sun’s nuclear fires convert hydrogen to helium releasing a large amount of energy.

8. Hydrogen forms both positive and negative ions. It does this more readily than any other element.

9. Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe.

10. Hydrogen is the only atom for which the Schrödinger equation has an exact solution.

11. The first chain reaction discovered was not a nuclear reaction; it was a chemical chain reaction. It was discovered in 1913 by Max Bodenstein, who saw a mixture of chlorine and hydrogen gases explode when triggered by light. The chain reaction mechanism was fully explained in 1918 by Walther Nernst.

12. Hydrogen reacts explosively with the elements oxygen, chlorine and fluorine: O₂, Cl₂, F₂.

Let's continue with the next element, Helium.